Critics of intelligence tests - writers such as Robert Sternberg, Howard Gardner, and Daniel Goleman - have argued in recent years that these tests neglect important qualities such as emotion, empathy, and interpersonal skills. However, such critiques imply that though intelligence tests may miss certain key noncognitive areas, they encompass most of what is important in the cognitive domain. In this book, Keith Stanovich challenges this widely held assumption. Stanovich shows that IQ tests (or their proxies, such as the SAT) are radically incomplete as measures of cognitive functioning. They fail to assess traits that most people associate with 'good thinking', skills such as judgement and decision-making. Such cognitive skills are crucial to real-world behaviour, affecting the way we plan, evaluate critical evidence, judge risks and probabilities, and make effective decisions. IQ tests fail to assess these skills of rational thought, even though they are measurable cognitive processes. Rational thought is just as important as intelligence, Stanovich argues, and it should be valued as highly as the abilities currently measured on intelligence tests.

基思•斯坦诺维奇 （Keith E. Stanovich）

加拿大多伦多大学应用心理学和人类发展的荣誉退休教授，也是加拿大应用认知科学的前研究主席。

他的研究领域是推理和阅读的心理学机制。他著有200多篇科学论文和7本书。在一项对于论文引用率的调查中，斯坦诺维奇位列引用率最高的50位发展心理学家之一，也是25位最高产的教育心理学家之一。丹尼尔•卡尼曼在其诺奖致辞中也多次引用斯坦诺维奇的研究成果。

斯坦诺维奇获奖无数。他于2012年荣获美国心理学会颁发的桑代克终身成就奖，也是唯一两次获得国际阅读协会颁发的阿尔伯特 J. 哈里斯奖的学者。

斯坦诺维奇著有畅销书《对“伪心理学”说不》，该书被全球400多所高等教育机构采用。他还著有《超越智商：为什么聪明人也会做蠢事》《机器人叛乱：在达尔文时代找到意义》《现代社会中的决策与理性》等书。

译者：

张斌，南开大学心理学博士，任教于上海体育学院应用心理学系。