BERTRAND RUSSELL (1872-1970), was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, religious skeptic, social reformer, socialist and pacifist. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died.

Russell led the British "revolt against idealism" in the early 1900s and is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his protege Wittgenstein and his elder Frege. He was a prominent anti-war activist, championing free trade between nations and anti-imperialism. Russell was imprisoned for his pacifist activism during World War I, campaigned against Adolf Hitler, for nuclear disarmament, criticised Soviet totalitarianism and the United States of America's involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1950, Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought."