Preface

A Theory Is Explanation 3

1 Explanation in the Social Sciences / George C. Homans 9

B Motives and Mechanisms 15

2 Types of Social Action / Max Weber 22

C The Problem of Social Order 27

3 The Moral Basis of a Backward Society / Edward C. Banfield 33

D Meaning 44

4 The Production of Consciousness / Karl Marx 49

5 The Origin of Beliefs / Emile Durkheim 52

6 Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact / Ludwik Fleck 60

7 Play, the Game, and the Generalized Other / George Herbert Mead 65

8 Meanings of Violence / Dov Cohen, Joe Vandello 73

E Values and Norms 91

9 Civilization and Its Discontents / Sigmund Freud 101

10 Egoistic Suicide / Emile Durkheim 112

11 Anomic Suicide / Emile Durkheim 118

12 Explaining the Emergence of Norms / Christine Horne 129

13 Behavior in Public Places / Erving Goffman 140

14 Altruistic Punishment in Humans / Ernst Fehr, Simon Gachter 151

F Power and Authority 159

15 Leviathan / Thomas Hobbes 166

16 The Origin of the State / Friedrich Engels 179

17 The Types of Legitimate Domination / Max Weber 183

18 Learning to Labor / Paul Willis 204

G Spontaneous Order 216

19 Cosmos and Taxis / Friedrich A. Hayek 221

20 Micromotives and Macrobehavior / Thomas C. Schelling 237

21 The Division of Labor / Adam Smith 251

22 The Evolution of Cooperation / Robert Axelrod 261

23 The Live-and-Let-Live System in Trench Warfare in World War I / Robert Axelrod 273

H Groups and Networks 283

24 The Web of Group-Affiliations / Georg Simmel 291

25 The Strength of Weak Ties / Mark S. Granovetter 299

26 Trust, Cohesion, and the Social Order / Ernest Gellner 310

27 Individualism and Free Institutions / Alexis De Tocqueville 317

28 The Attainment of Social Order in Heterogeneous Societies / Michael Hechter, Debra Friedman, Satoshi Kanazawa 329

I Conclusion 345

Index 351